Belkin Speaker 157 User Manual

A2 STEREO  
2.35:1: The picture aspect ratio of some 35  
and 70mm film.  
processing video originated content, which  
reduces motion artifacts for smoother image  
reproduction.  
COMPACT DISC (CD)  
The official audio standard for analog  
television broadcasting in Australia. It is a  
technique of implementing stereo or dual-  
mono audio for NTSC and PAL video. One  
FM subcarrier transmits a L+R signal, and a  
second FM subcarrier transmits a R signal  
(for stereo) or a second L+R signal. Also  
known as Zweiton Stereo.  
"Optical digital disc storage that  
encompasses audio, video, and computer  
data.  
AT ATTACHMENT PACKET  
INTERFACE (ATAPI)  
BIT ERROR RATE (BER)  
A hardware and software specification that  
documents the interface between a host  
computer and CD-ROM drives using the  
ATA bus.  
The ratio of received bits that are in error  
relative to the total number of bits received.  
It is used as a measure of noise induced  
distortion in a digital bit stream. BER is  
expressed as a power of ten.  
•CD Digital Audio (CDDA): 44.1kHz audio, 80  
minutes capacity.  
•CD Recordable (CD-R): Write-once media,  
700MB capacity, optimised for data use.  
AUDIO FREQUENCY MODULATION  
(AFM)  
A-B REPEAT  
•CD ReWritable (CD-RW): Re-writable  
media, 700MB capacity, optimised for data  
use.  
BIT RATE  
The player will loop (repeat) a portion of a  
disc between two designated points.  
The audio recording technology used in  
Video 8 and Hi8 Handycam camcorders.  
The digital equivalent of bandwidth, bit rate is  
measured in bits per second (bps). It is used  
to express the rate at which the  
compressed bit stream is transmitted. With  
a higher bit rate, more information can be  
carried.  
•CD Read-only Memory (CD-ROM): Pre-  
recorded media, 700MB capacity,  
optimised for data use.  
AC-3  
AUDIO VIDEO INTERLEAVED (AVI)  
See Dolby.  
A multimedia file format for storing sound  
and moving pictures in RIFF format  
developed by Microsoft. An AVI file can use  
different codecs and formats so there is no  
set format for an AVI file.  
ACOUSTIC TRANSFORM ACOUSTIC  
CODING (ATRAC)  
•CD Interactive (CD-i): Provides audio, digital  
data, still graphics, and limited-motion  
video.  
BLOCK NOISE REDUCTION  
"Technology that compresses audio data  
discarding the information that is  
undetectable by the human ear whilst  
preserving CD-quality sound.  
Suppresses vertical edge distortions for a  
smoother, more natural DVD picture.  
•CD plus Graphics (CD+G): Provides audio  
and still graphics. Primarily used for  
karaoke.  
AUTOMATIC FOCUS (AF)  
BLUETOOTH  
"Senses the distance between camera and  
subject, and adjusts the lens focus  
accordingly.  
•ATRAC: Achieves approximately 80%  
compression rate in comparison to original  
sound file. The original technology  
employed by MiniDisc.  
A standard for wireless connectivity. It is  
designed to eliminate cables between  
portable consumer devices such as cellular  
phones, laptop computers, PDAs and many  
other electronic products.  
•China Video Disc (CVD): Precursor to  
SVCD. MPEG-2 352x480 NTSC, 352x576  
PAL, 44.1kHz audio, approximately 45  
minutes capacity.  
•AF Illuminator: Emits a orange light, making  
it possible to focus on an object that is  
normally difficult in a dark place.  
•ATRAC3: Improves upon ATRAC by  
achieving approximately 90% compression.  
The technology employed by MiniDisc Long  
Play (MDLP).  
•Super Video CD (SVCD): MPEG-2  
480x480 NTSC, 480x576 PAL, 44.1kHz  
audio, approximately 45 minutes capacity.  
Basic Imaging Profile (BIP): A unified  
standard for image data transfer.  
•Hologram AF: An enhanced technology  
that emits a red laser pattern for further  
improved low light focusing.  
BUS POWERED  
•Video CD (VCD): MPEG-1 320x240 NTSC,  
320x288 PAL, 44.1kHz audio, 70 minutes  
capacity.  
•ATRAC3 Plus: Further improves upon  
ATRAC by achieving approximately 93%  
compression, with improved fidelity over  
standard ATRAC3.  
AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL (AGC)  
Power is supplied through the computer to  
the external device, eliminating the need for  
a power supply.  
A system to control the gain, or the increase  
in the amplitude of an electrical signal from  
the original input to the amplified output,  
automatically.  
COMPONENT VIDEO  
CD SYNCRO RECORDING  
A video system containing three separate  
colour component signals, either  
red/green/blue (RGB) or chroma/colour  
difference (YCbCr, YPbPr, YUV) delivering  
enhanced detail and purity.  
ACTIVE BLACK PANEL (ABP)  
Simplifies making MiniDiscs from compatible  
Sony CD players by releasing from  
Record/Pause mode when the CD player  
goes into Play.  
In standby mode, the unit is camouflaged as  
a flat black panel. In display mode, the panel  
puts on a brilliant colourful light show, also  
giving you access to most functions. In  
operational mode, the motorised panel  
swings out revealing the full control panel  
and slots for discs.  
AUTOMATIC LEVEL CONTROL (ALC)  
See Automatic Gain Control (AGC).  
COMPOSITE VIDEO BASEBAND  
SIGNAL (CVBS)  
AUTOMATIC MUSIC SENSOR (AMS)  
CD TEXT  
Automatically locates the beginning of the  
current or following selection.  
CD Text gives you valuable information with  
CD text compatible software. Album name,  
artiste description, and song title can be  
easily accessed from the display.  
An analog video signal in which the  
luminance and chrominance components  
are combined (by frequency multiplexing),  
along with sync and burst. Also known as  
CVBS.  
ADVANCED DYNAMIC SOUND  
GENERATOR (ADSG)  
AUTOMATIC RECORD LEVEL (ARL)  
See Automatic Gain Control (AGC).  
Selectively improves the bass and treble  
segment of your music. Unlike other  
technologies that cause unwanted phase  
change in the mid-range section, ADSG  
produces natural sound effect without  
introducing distortion.  
CHARGED COUPLED DEVICE (CCD)  
AUTOMATIC VOLUME LIMITING  
SYSTEM (AVLS)  
CONSTANT ANGULAR VELOCITY  
(CAV)  
A semiconductor device that can produce  
an electrical output analogous to the  
amount of light striking each of its elements.  
CCD sensors are used in both motion video  
and still video cameras.  
Delivers you maximum acoustics without  
sound leak — all at volume levels that won’t  
damage your ears. Playback will not exceed  
preset volume limits, which means that even  
when you are on the move, volume will not  
accidentally increase to an uncomfortable  
level.  
A buffer memory mechanism that prevents  
its portable audio equipment from skipping  
under most conditions. The technology  
recovers laser position 10 times faster than  
previous designs; so it can withstand the  
impact of jogging (and other sports).  
ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC)  
CINEMA BLACK MODE  
An electrical current which, unlike Direct  
Current (DC), reverses flow direction at  
regular intervals, measured in cycles per  
seconds or Hertz. The Australian standard is  
230V, 50Hz.  
Lamp wattage output is reduced along with  
fan noise. Cinema Black Mode increases  
blackness, extends lamp life and is ideal for  
viewing film sources.  
CONSTANT BIT RATE (CBR)  
BALANCE  
A uniform transmission rate.  
The relative loudness between the left and  
right channel signals.  
COAXIAL DIGITAL  
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS  
INSTITUTE (ANSI)  
CONTENT SCRAMBLING SYSTEM  
(CSS)  
An coaxial digital line allows you to transfer  
sound in lossless, digital quality.  
BARCUS-BERRY ELECTRONICS  
(BBE)  
A standards-setting, non-governmental  
organisation that develops and publishes  
standards for voluntary use in the United  
States.  
An encryption scheme designed to protect  
copyrighted material that resides on a disc  
by periodically scrambling the data using  
encryption keys.  
CODED ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY  
DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (COFDM)  
Reduces audio distortion, adding a longer  
delay time to lower frequencies so that  
higher frequencies are transmitted  
simultaneously, thereby neutralising the  
distortion effect.  
Coded OFDM (COFDM) adds forward error  
correction to the OFDM method, which is  
the modulation technique used for digital TV  
in Europe, Japan and Australia.  
AMPLITUDE MODULATION (AM)  
CONTRAST RATIO  
A technique for transmitting radio signals.  
See also Medium Wave (MW).  
The measurement of the difference in light  
intensity between the brightest white and  
the darkest black.  
BASIC INPUT/OUTPUT SYSTEM  
(BIOS)  
CODER-DECODER (CODEC)  
ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER  
(ADC OR A/D)  
A set of routines that works closely with the  
hardware to support the transfer of  
CONTROL A1  
Hardware or software that converts analog  
sound, speech or video to digital code and  
vice versa (analog to digital — digital to  
analog). Video codecs are generally broken  
into two categories: low bandwidth codecs  
that operate at 56kbps to 384kbps, and  
high bandwidth codecs that operate at  
384kbps and above.  
This is the process of converting analog  
signal to digital signal. The accuracy  
depends on the sampling frequency and the  
number of bits used to describe the levels.  
Multifunctional data bus system for better  
communication between Sony audio  
components.  
information between elements of the  
system, such as memory, disks, and the  
monitor. Although critical to performance,  
the BIOS is usually invisible to the end user;  
however, programmers can access it.  
d
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b
a
CONTROL L  
See LANC.  
D-BASS  
ANSI LUMEN  
BASS REFLEX  
A standard measurement of light output.  
ARTIFACT  
COLOUR SLOW SHUTTER  
A popular type of loudspeaker enclosure in  
which an open port at the front or rear baffle  
allows internal air pressure to reinforce bass  
response.  
Delivers dynamic, powerful bass  
reproduction, with 3 bass boost steps for  
adjustment of the bass enhancement level.  
Slows down shutter speed to record full  
colour detail in low light situations.  
Defect commonly occurring in digital video  
resembling pixelation of the video image.  
COLOUR TEMPERATURE  
ASPECT RATIO  
BEST TUNING MEMORY (BTM)  
DECIBEL (DB)  
A measure of the colour of a light source  
relative to a black body at a particular  
temperature, expressed in degrees Kelvin  
(°K). Low colour temperatures have a red-  
yellow tone; daylight has a high colour  
temperature (approximately 6000°K) and  
appears bluish.  
The relationship of width and height. When  
an image is displayed on different screens,  
the aspect ratio must be kept the same to  
avoid either vertical or horizontal stretching.  
Automatically selects and stores the stations  
with the strongest signals, in order of  
frequency.  
The logarithmic unit of measurement to  
compare the relative intensity of acoustic or  
electrical signal, equal to one-tenth of a Bel,  
named for American inventor Alexander  
Graham Bell (1847 to 1922).  
BI PIXEL IP CONVERSION  
4:3: The picture aspect ratio of traditional  
video.  
Used to convert standard (interlaced) video  
into a progressive signal which can be  
displayed by a panel display device (plasma  
etc). Responds to changes in PAL video  
signal content by employing proprietary  
algorithms to handle the challenging task of  
DEPTH OF FIELD  
16:9: The picture aspect ratio that  
approximates that of 35mm film. Also  
known as Widescreen.  
COMB FILTER  
The distance between the first object in  
focus and the last object in focus within a  
scene as viewed by a particular lens. Depth  
of field is affected by choice of lens, focal  
Improves NTSC video signals by adjusting  
the horizontal scanning lines within a frame.  
157  
 
HOLE ACCUMULATION DIODE (HAD)  
KEYSTONE CORRECTION  
technology. For more information refer  
sound in lossless, digital quality.  
A CCD sensor with improved performance  
in spectral response, vertical smear, and  
sensitivity. The HAD sensor also introduced  
electronic shuttering capability to IT type  
sensors.  
Keystone is a distortion of the image  
OXYGEN FREE COPPER (OFC)  
caused by projecting at the wrong vertical  
angle. Digital keystone correction produces  
an inverse effect that cancels this distortion.  
•Memory Stick: Full size (21.5 x 50.0 x  
2.8mm), capacities up to 128MB  
Improves signal transmission and  
conduction.  
•Memory Stick Duo: Small size (20.0 x 31.0 x  
1.6mm), capacities up to 128MB  
PACKET WRITING  
LETTERBOX  
•Advanced HAD: Provides brilliant results  
even in low-light situations due to its  
greater luminance sensitivity and its wider  
dynamic range which drastically improves  
the signal to noise ratio. This advantage is  
especially obvious for natural evening  
scenes or indoor events.  
Packet writing is a technology that enables  
the writing of data to a CD-R incrementally,  
in multiple small blocks of data, rather than in  
a single block (as in disk-at-once recording),  
or in blocks defined by tracks (as in track-at-  
once recording), the other two common  
methods. Packet writing software makes it  
possible for the user to save data to a CD-R  
or CD-RW in the same way as it would be  
saved to the hard drive or a floppy.  
Converts widescreen content into 4:3  
content by placing black bars at the top and  
bottom of the picture.  
•Memory Stick PRO: Full size (21.5 x 50.0 x  
2.8mm), capacities up to 32GB  
•Memory Stick PRO Duo: Small size (20.0 x  
31.0 x 1.6mm), capacities up to 32GB  
LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED)  
A diode is a semiconductor device through  
which current can go in only one direction.  
As a side effect, light-emitting diodes  
produce either visible or infrared light and  
require very little power.  
•Memory Stick Select: Full size (21.5 x 50.0 x  
2.8mm), capacities up to 256MB (as 2 x  
128MB)  
•Hyper HAD: A derivative of the HAD sensor  
that incorporates On Chip Lensing (OCL)  
and the use of microscopic lenses  
mounted over each sensing pixel. Hyper  
HAD sensors with OCL have no  
perceptible smear and nearly doubled  
sensitivity.  
MICROMV  
PAN AND SCAN  
Provides up to 60 minutes of high-quality,  
MPEG-2 digital video footage and adds a  
64-kb memory chip. The memory chip  
allows for a multi-search function that lets  
users access different sections of the tape  
as they would a DVD by creating thumbnail  
images of all of the recorded scenes on the  
tape.  
LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD)  
Converts widescreen content into 4:3  
content by selectively zooming and  
cropping portions of the widescreen picture.  
Whilst completely filling a 4:3 aspect ratio  
screen, 25% to 40% of the widescreen  
content is lost.  
A two-dimensional array of small crystals  
that are normally opaque, but become  
transparent when voltage is applied to  
them. LCDs are often back-lit for viewing in  
a dark room.  
I.LINK  
See IEEE 1394.  
ID3  
LITHIUM-ION (LI-ION)  
PEAK MUSIC POWER OUTPUT  
(PMPO)  
MINIDV  
Information stored at the end of an MP3 file.  
The tag can contain information about the  
Title/Song name, Artist, Album, Year,  
Comment, Genre and Track.  
A type of a battery composed of Lithium,  
the lightest metal and the metal that has the  
highest electrochemical potential. Because  
of its lightness and high energy density,  
Lithium-Ion batteries are ideal for portable  
devices, such as phones and notebook  
computers. In addition, Lithium-Ion batteries  
have no memory effect and do not use  
poisonous metals, such as lead, mercury or  
cadmium.  
The miniature version of the DV format and  
is used in many consumer camcorders.  
Provides up to 90 minutes of high-quality,  
DV video footage.  
A method of rating the power output of  
speakers or amplifiers which works by  
calculation of power peaks.  
IEEE 1394  
PERSONAL COMPUTER MEMORY  
CARD INTERNATIONAL  
ASSOCIATION (PCMCIA)  
MPEG-1 AUDIO LAYER 3 (MP3)  
See Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG).  
MPX  
"A very fast data transfer standard, which  
can be used to support up 63 external  
devices from a single port. It supports  
isochronous data — delivering data at a  
guaranteed rate which makes it ideal for  
devices that need to transfer high levels of  
data in real-time, such as video devices.  
Also known as FireWire, i.LINK or Lynx.  
An organization consisting of some 500  
companies that has developed a standard  
for small, credit card-sized devices, called  
PC Cards. Originally designed for adding  
memory to portable computers, the  
PCMCIA standard has been expanded  
several times and is now suitable for many  
types of devices. There are three types of  
PCMCIA cards:  
Found in analog cassette decks, it removes  
non-musical high-frequency noise from  
tapes during recording and eliminates  
interaction with the bias frequency.  
LOCAL APPLICATION CONTROL BUS  
SYSTEM (LANC)  
The protocol defined by Sony for enabling  
external control of video devices and  
accessing status information from the  
device. Also knowns as Control-L.  
•IEEE 1394a: Supports data rates of up to  
400Mbps  
MULTI-SESSION  
A feature of many recordable CD drives and  
discs that enables you to add data to a CD-  
ROM on different occasions. This is an  
improvement over older CD-Rs, which  
required you to burn all your data onto the  
disc at once.  
•IEEE 1394b: Supports data rates of up to  
800Mbps  
LONG PLAY (LP)  
•Type I cards: Up to 3.3 mm thick, and are  
used primarily for adding additional ROM or  
RAM to a computer.  
Doubles VHS recording time of PAL signals.  
LONG WAVE (LW)  
INFOLITHIUM  
Battery technology that displays remaining  
charge and precise remaining recording  
time in minutes on the viewfinder or LCD  
screen.  
•Type II cards: Up to 5.5 mm thick. These  
cards are often used for modem and  
wireless cards.  
The radio band from 153KHz to 279KHz,  
used for high power wide area radio  
broadcasting.  
NATIONAL TRANSMISSION  
STANDARDS COMMITTEE (NTSC)  
•Type III cards: Up to 10.5 mm thick, which is  
sufficiently large for portable disk drives.  
"Analog video standard that delivers 525  
lines at 60 fields (half-frames interlaced) per  
second, and is the official standard for video  
in North America; and parts of South  
America and Asia.  
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (IC)  
LOW FREQUENCY EFFECTS (LFE)  
A complex set of electronic components  
and their interconnections that are etched  
or imprinted on a chip.  
Strictly low frequency information (20Hz to  
120Hz, with 115 dB of dynamic range) that's  
added to the soundtrack for extra effect.  
This track does not inherently contain all the  
bass of the soundtrack.  
PHASE-LOCKED LOOP (PLL)  
An electronic circuit employed within a radio  
receiver which precisely tunes it to a station  
frequency and rejects interference which  
might otherwise hinder this operation. The  
synthesiser which tunes the radio uses a  
small quartz crystal to generate a stable  
reference frequency.  
INTERLACE SCAN  
•NTSC 3.58: The original NTSC standard.  
The means by which traditional video  
creates images on screen. Interlaced  
scanning breaks down a single frame of  
video into 2 fields, one containing the odd  
numbered lines, the other containing the  
even. These 2 fields are then alternately  
broadcast/shown to maintain high picture  
quality with limted bandwidth.  
•NTSC 4.43: A variation of NTSC where the  
signal is encoded using the PAL subcarrier  
frequency and chroma modulation. Also  
known as PAL60.  
LOW PASS FILTER (LPF)  
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p
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n
A network of elements used to attenuate all  
frequencies above a pre-determined  
frequency. Frequencies below the cutoff are  
passed without effect.  
PICTURE IN PICTURE (PIP)  
NICAM STEREO  
Displays a small picture from another video  
source, over one corner of the main picture.  
NICAM is a digital stereo compression  
system developed by BBC engineers that  
has proven to be extremely rugged,  
providing high quality stereo sound even  
when the signal is weak.  
MAGICGATE (MG)  
A copyright protection technology for  
MagicGate Memory Stick and compliant  
products. Authentication ensures that  
protected content is transferred only  
between compliant devices and MagicGate  
Memory Stick, and that protected content is  
recorded and transferred in an encrypted  
format to prevent unauthorised copying or  
playback.  
INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCY (IF)  
POWERBURN  
m
A frequency to which a carrier frequency is  
shifted as an intermediate step in  
transmission or reception.  
Advanced buffer under-run technology that  
also continues to monitor both data stream  
and media to optimise disc creation.  
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NIGHTSHOT  
Take monochrome pictures in low-light and  
no-light situations. With the flip of a switch,  
the infrared NightShot mode is activated,  
which defeats the flash and an infrared  
picture is captured with invisible, infra-red  
light. NightShot makes it possible to take  
pictures or MPEG movies of sleeping  
children and nocturnal wildlife in a way that is  
impossible with all other cameras.  
INTERVAL RECORDING  
PRECISION DRIVE  
Capturing a series of images/frames at  
preset intervals. Also known as Time Lapse.  
Delivers clear DVD playback. Utilising two  
separate reading heads (or pickup) to read  
DVD and CD recordings, playback accuracy  
is superb without a complicated switching  
mechanism. It compensates for minor  
imperfections like the warping of discs,  
minor shakes and rattles, making perfect  
playback from imperfect conditions possible.  
i
•Interval Recording: Captures 3 frames at  
preset intervals.  
MEDIUM WAVE (MW)  
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g
The radio band from 530kHz to 1710kHz,  
with 9kHz intervals. Also known as the AM  
band.  
•Smooth Interval Recording: Captures 1  
frame at preset intervals.  
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ISO-13406-2  
MEGA BASS  
NOISE REDUCTION (NR)  
PROGRESSIVE SCAN  
e
d
The International Standards Organisation  
ergonomic requirements for flat panel  
displays  
Deepens and enriches audio bass output to  
match your taste and the type of music  
being played. In addition, sound boost is  
controlled in accordance with the sound  
input level, thus delivering even more  
powerful sound with less residual noise  
The process of reducing the imperfections  
in analog signal to deliver a purer video or  
audio experience.  
An alternate means to interlaced video used  
to create images on screen. Progressive  
scanning reproduces an entire video frame  
in a single pass, from top to bottom thereby  
reducing flicker, improving contrast and  
producing a more film-like result.  
JOINT PHOTOGRAPHIC EXPERTS  
GROUP (JPEG)  
OHM  
The relationship between voltage (V),  
electric current (I) and resistance (R), named  
for German physicist Georg Simon Ohm  
(1789 to 1854).  
JPEG compresses graphics of  
MEGAPIXEL  
photographic color depth better than other  
file formats like GIF, and it retains a high  
degree of color fidelity. This makes JPEG  
files smaller and quicker to download. You  
can choose how much to compress a  
JPEG file, but since it is a lossy format, the  
smaller you compress the file, the more  
color information will be lost.  
PULSE CODE MODULATION (PCM)  
One million pixels. Digital cameras capture  
images with a sensor, comprised of an array  
of light-sensing pixels (picture elements). A  
camera's resolution is simply the total  
An uncompressed, digitally coded  
representation of an analog signal. The  
waveform is sampled at regular intervals and  
a series of pulses in coded form (usually  
quantized) are generated to represent the  
amplitude.  
ON SCREEN DISPLAY (OSD)  
Provides clearer menu functions by using a  
display to view the menu, while the controls  
are on the remote control or the control unit.  
number of pixels packed onto the CCD.  
MEMORY STICK  
OPTICAL DIGITAL  
Developed by Sony, Memory Stick is a  
transportable, digital data storage  
RADIO DATA SERVICE (RDS)  
An optical digital line allows you to transfer  
A digital data system that transmits inaudible  
159  
 
encoded information together with FM  
signals. RDS makes tuning simpler because  
it can display the name of a station  
transmitting an RDS signal, and it will find the  
strongest signal for this station automatically.  
SÉQUENTIEL COULEUR AVEC  
MÉMOIRE (SECAM)  
SUPER PRO OPTIC SYSTEM  
VARIABLE ATTENUATION CONTROL  
SYSTEM (VACS)  
An innovative system for rear projection TVs,  
adopting the most superior CRT and optical  
Technologies available do deliver excellent  
picture quality.  
Continually monitors the balance between  
the current and voltage amplification stages  
in an amplifier, thereby reducing distortion  
even at high volume levels.  
Analog video standard that delivers 625  
lines at 50 fields (half-frames, interlaced) per  
second. Once common in Europe and  
Africa, many countries that formerly  
adopted SECAM have now switched to  
PAL.  
•Program Service (PS): The station name,  
up to 8 characters.  
SUPER VIDEO GRAPHICS ARRAY  
(SVGA)  
V-COMPRESSION (WIDE MODE)  
•Traffic Announcement (TA): Allows the  
radio to search for travel information and  
switch to the tuned station automatically  
during a traffic announcement.  
A mode that only scans the lines within the  
picture area when widescreen aspect ratio  
content is on the screen. This optimises  
picture quality by not utilising scan lines for  
the blank area at the top and bottom of the  
screen.  
An SVGA display has 800 horizontal pixels  
by 600 vertical pixels, giving it a total display  
resolution of 480,000 individual pixels.  
SHOCK RESISTANT MEMORY (SRM)  
See ESP.  
SHORT WAVE (SW)  
S-VIDEO  
•Alternative Frequency (AF): Allows the  
automatic selection of stronger signals  
where more than one exists for the same  
station.  
The collection of radio bands ranging from  
2300kHz through to 27.41MHz.  
Separated video. Offers improved picture  
quality over composite video signals by  
separating the picture signal into colour and  
brightness information.  
VIDEO GRAPHICS ARRAY (VGA)  
A VGA display has 640 horizontal pixels by  
480 vertical pixels, giving it a total display  
resolution of 307,200 individual pixels.  
SIDE SHOT  
•Enhanced Other Network (EON): This  
service allows automatic switching to  
another station for the duration of a traffic  
announcement; this switching is only  
possible within the same network.  
Image compensation (keystone correction)  
technology that allows the projector to be  
positioned off-centre in both vertical and  
horizontal planes.  
SYNDICAT FRANCAIS DES  
CONSTRUCTEURS D'APPAREILS  
RADIO ET TELEVISION (SCART)  
VIRTUAL MULTI DIMENSION (VMD)  
Overcomes one of the fundamental  
challenges in accurately representing  
theatre sound in a confined space. Using 3D  
processing technology, it creates five pairs  
of "virtual" surround speakers from the  
existing rear speakers (or if unavailable the  
two front speakers). "Pitched" 25 to 35  
degrees overhead, these virtual speakers  
create sound depth and scale, delivering a  
more realistic, spacious surround sound  
experience.  
An audio-visual connection type, typically  
used to connect a television and other video  
components primarily used in Europe. The  
SCART cable can have up to 21 active pins  
and can carry audio, video and control  
signals. It was developed by the French  
company Peritel.  
SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO (S/N RATIO  
OR SNR)  
RADIO FREQUENCY (RF)  
Any frequency within the electromagnetic  
spectrum associated with radio wave  
propagation. When an RF current is supplied  
to an antenna, an electromagnetic field is  
created that then is able to propagate  
through space. Many wireless technologies  
are based on RF field propagation.  
The ratio of the desired signal level to the  
level of unwanted noise.  
S-MASTER  
A fully digital amplifier that enjoys excellent  
efficiency in processing sound signals as  
well as minimising any loss during idling  
periods. It is also extremely frugal in energy  
consumption due to the absence of analog  
switches. The design and packaging of  
amplifiers can be further refined to produce  
high quality, high power units that reside  
within an even smaller chassis.  
TAGGED IMAGE FILE FORMAT (TIFF)  
One of the most widely supported file  
formats for storing lossless, bit-mapped  
images on personal computers.  
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)  
VIRTUAL PHONE TECHNOLOGY  
(VPT)  
Memory hardware that can be used by  
programs to perform necessary tasks while  
the computer is on; an integrated circuit  
memory chip allows information to be  
stored or accessed in any order and all  
storage locations are equally accessible.  
See Digital Signal Processing (DSP).  
TELETEXT  
VOICE OPERATED RECORDING  
(VOR)  
A group of text pages transmitted with the  
normal TV signal that can be read using a TV  
that has a teletext function. First regular  
teletext transmissions were from BBC in  
Great Britain in the 1974.  
Voice-controlled recording on dictating  
machines.  
SSIR-EX  
RAW  
Short signal paths between circuit sections  
reduce noise and improve gain, ensuring a  
stable and reliable tuner performance with  
excellent audio quality. High-quality circuit  
elements improve inter modulation  
distortion and sensitivity.  
VOLT (V)  
An image capture setting that records the  
CCD image sensor's raw data (without  
interpolation or electronic conversions  
applied) that allows the user to control and  
change recording parameters post shot  
including colour depth, ISO setting, white  
balance, saturation, colour bit depth and so  
on.  
THEATRICAL ASPECT RATIO  
The standard unit of electric potential. It is  
defined as the amount of electrical potential  
between two points on a conductor carrying  
a current of 1 ampere while 1 watt of power  
is dissipated between the two points.  
The picture aspect ratio that approximates  
that of 70mm film.  
TIME MACHINE RECORDING  
SSIR-EXA  
Memorises several seconds of unrecorded  
data. This function automatically adds a  
missed beginning e.g. of a radio program  
that you may have wanted to record.  
VOLUME UNIT (VU)  
Automatically controls the intermediate  
frequency bandwidth in the FM band,  
reducing sound interference.  
A unit of measurement of the power of an  
audio signal.  
READ-ONLY MEMORY (ROM)  
Memory hardware that allows fast access  
to permanently stored data but prevents  
addition to or modification of the data.  
WATT (W)  
STAMINA  
TJANSTEMANNENS CENTRAL  
ORGANIZATION (TCO)  
Unit of power. More watts mean more  
power, but how loud a system sounds also  
depends on speaker sensitivity and room  
size.  
Drawing from Sony's wealth of experience  
in battery technology, Stamina technology  
delivers longer operating times.  
A standard set in 1991. It is even more  
stringent than MPR II, especially for  
alternating electric fields. Not only are the  
permitted field levels reduced compared  
with MPR II, but the measuring distance is  
reduced as well.  
REAL DIGITAL SYSTEM  
A technology where all signals are  
processed digitally, regardless of source:  
minimising loss of signal degradation and  
resulting in highly accurate image  
reproduction.  
STANDARD DEFINITION TELEVISION  
(SDTV)  
WHITE BALANCE  
The ability of a camera to adjust the color  
balance of a picture to compensate for the  
ambient lighting.  
•480i: Standard Definition NTSC signal - 480  
lines, interlace scan with 4:3 aspect ratio.  
•TCO'95: Includes ergonomic and ecologic  
requirements.  
RECOMMENDED STANDARD 232  
(RS232)  
•576i: Standard Definition PAL signal - 576  
lines, interlace scan with 4:3 aspect ratio.  
WIDE BIT STREAM (WBS)  
•TCO'99: Further expends the ergonomic  
and ecologic requirements.  
Conventional MiniDisc playback is done with  
16-bit signal processing, WBS technology  
increases the rate to 18-bit or higher. This  
results in more accurate playback of even  
subtle sound signals, and greatly improves  
the signal to noise ratio.  
A standard for serial communication which  
defines the voltages that are used and the  
pattern of voltage changes. It is electrically  
unbalanced, meaning that the voltage  
change on one wire is not balanced by an  
equal and opposite change on another. This  
makes the scheme simple to implement,  
but less robust than other standards.  
STANDARD PLAY (SP)  
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION  
(THD)  
The standard VHS recording time of PAL or  
NTSC signals.  
The amount of undesirable harmonics  
present in an output audio signal expressed  
as a precentage. The lower the percentage  
the better.  
SUBWOOFER  
WIDE EXTENDED GRAPHICS ARRAY  
(WXGA)  
A type of speaker used to enhance bass  
response in an audio or home theatre  
system. It contains a woofer (or woofers) in  
an independent enclosure. Subwoofers are  
generally intended to cover the range below  
200Hz and can extend down to 20Hz or  
below. They lend weight to the overall  
sound and presentation of a system by  
providing extended bass response and low-  
frequency impact which can be felt  
physically, but is inaudible to the human ear,  
especially on action movie soundtracks.  
Due to non-directional nature of this bass  
sound, a subwoofer can be positioned  
almost anywhere in a normal room.  
A WXGA display has 1366 horizontal pixels  
by 768 vertical pixels, giving it a total display  
resolution of 1,049,088 individual pixels.  
ROOT MEAN SQUARE (RMS)  
TRACK AT ONCE (TAO)  
A method of rating the power output of  
speakers or amplifiers. In contrast to Peak  
Music Power Output, Root Mean Square  
works through a mean averaging of the  
components output. This rating provides a  
far more accurate impression of the actual  
performance.  
The CD-ROM disc is created, writing a track  
at a time; allowing for additional data (tracks)  
to be added at a later time.  
WIDESCREEN ASPECT RATIO  
A range of picture aspect ratios that  
approximate that of 35/70mm film. Also  
known as 16:9.  
TRUSURROUND SRS  
A technology from SRS Laboratory that  
creates a broad, fully immersive sound  
image within the listening area that wraps  
around the listener's head regardless of  
seating position.  
•Anamorphic Widescreen: Squeezing and  
unsqueezing the video frame. 1.78:1 is  
squeezed into 1.33:1 frame. On a wide  
screen this screen can be expanded  
horizontally to form the complete  
resolution.  
SCALE FACTOR EDIT (SFE)  
Enhance your music compilation even after  
the recording is completed. Record level  
control allows changes to the recorded  
volume, meaning that difference in volume  
between different songs can be easily  
corrected. Record fade in/out feature, on  
the other hand, allows music fading  
TWEETER  
SUPER AUDIO CD (SACD)  
A loudspeaker driver designed to handle  
high frequency (treble) signals.  
An alternative to the DVD-Audio format that  
is designed to play on audio CD players and  
Super Audio CD players by comprising two  
layers: one with CD-Audio the other with  
high quality audio. The audio encoding used  
is Direct Stream Digital (DSD).  
•Letterbox Widescreen:"  
WIRELESS FIDELITY (WI-FI)  
See IEEE 802.11.  
ULTRA EXTENDED GRAPHICS ARRAY  
(UXGA)  
transition to be performed in 0.1 second  
steps, up to 15 seconds in length.  
A UXGA display has 1600 horizontal pixels by  
1200 vertical pixels, giving it a total display  
resolution of 1,920,000 individual pixels.  
WIRELESS LAN  
See IEEE 802.11.  
SCREEN DEPTH MATCHING  
SUPER EXTENDED VIDEO GRAPHICS  
ARRAY (SXGA)  
This feature works alongside Cinema Studio  
Reverberation to "relocate" the front  
speakers behind the screen, as they would  
be in a real cinema. The result is a larger  
listening space and a truer realisation of the  
theatre sound experience.  
WOOFER  
USB STREAMING  
An SXGA display has 1280 horizontal pixels  
by 1024 vertical pixels, giving it a total display  
resolution of 1,310,720 individual pixels.  
A loudspeaker driver designed to handle low  
frequency (bass) signals.  
Allows connection via USB terminal to a PC  
and broadcast live video with audio, edit  
images, capture still images or play back  
recorded video scenes.  
ZWEITON STEREO  
See A2 Stereo.  
160  
 

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